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COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

Von Neumann bottleneck; Von Neumann computer; Von Neumann model; Princeton architecture; Von neumann architecture; Von Neumann Model; Stored program concept; Stored-program architecture; Von Neumann style; Non-Von Neumann architecture; Von Neumann computer architecture; Von Neumann Architecture; Non-von Neumann architecture; Neumann architecture; Van Neumann architecture; Von Neuman architecture; Van Neuman architecture

von Neumann architecture

<architecture, computability> A computer architecture conceived by mathematician John von Neumann, which forms the core of nearly every computer system in use today (regardless of size). In contrast to a Turing machine, a von Neumann machine has a random-access memory (RAM) which means that each successive operation can read or write any memory location, independent of the location accessed by the previous operation. A von Neumann machine also has a central processing unit (CPU) with one or more registers that hold data that are being operated on. The CPU has a set of built-in operations (its instruction set) that is far richer than with the Turing machine, e.g. adding two binary integers, or branching to another part of a program if the binary integer in some register is equal to zero (conditional branch). The CPU can interpret the contents of memory either as instructions or as data according to the {fetch-execute cycle}. Von Neumann considered parallel computers but recognized the problems of construction and hence settled for a sequential system. For this reason, parallel computers are sometimes referred to as non-von Neumann architectures. A von Neumann machine can compute the same class of functions as a universal Turing machine. [Reference? Was von Neumann's design, unlike Turing's, originally intended for physical implementation?] von Neumann architecturetevans/VonNeuma.htm">http://salem.mass.edu/von Neumann architecturetevans/VonNeuma.htm. (2003-05-16)

Von Neumann architecture

The von Neumann architecture — also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture — is a computer architecture based on a 1945 description by John von Neumann, and by others, in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. The document describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with these components:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture

John von Neumann Theory Prize

AWARD

John Von Neumann Theory Prize; Von Neumann Theory Prize; John von neumann prize

The John von Neumann Theory Prize of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann_Theory_Prize

ويكيبيديا

Von Neumann architecture

The von Neumann architecture — also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture — is a computer architecture based on a 1945 description by John von Neumann, and by others, in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. The document describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with these components:

A processing unit with both an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers
A control unit that includes an instruction register and a program counter
Memory that stores data and instructions
External mass storage
Input and output mechanisms

The term "von Neumann architecture" has evolved to refer to any stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time (since they share a common bus). This is referred to as the von Neumann bottleneck, which often limits the performance of the corresponding system.

The design of a von Neumann architecture machine is simpler than in a Harvard architecture machine—which is also a stored-program system, yet has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading and writing to memory, and another set of address and data buses to fetch instructions.

A stored-program computer uses the same underlying mechanism to encode both program instructions and data as opposed to designs which use a mechanism such as discrete plugboard wiring or fixed control circuitry for instruction implementation. Stored-program computers were an advancement over the manually reconfigured or fixed function computers of the 1940s, such as the Colossus and the ENIAC. These were programmed by setting switches and inserting patch cables to route data and control signals between various functional units.

The vast majority of modern computers use the same hardware mechanism to encode and store both data and program instructions, but have caches between the CPU and memory, and, for the caches closest to the CPU, have separate caches for instructions and data, so that most instruction and data fetches use separate buses (split cache architecture).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von Neumann architecture